Overview

The Republic of Fiji is an archipelago of 322 islands, with an Exclusive Economic Zone of 1.26 million square kilometres. The Fiji Bureau of Statistics predicts that Fiji's population would reach 900,869 in 2025. Suva is Fiji's capital. Fiji's major languages are English, Fijian and Hindi, and its major religions are Christianity, Hinduism and Islam.

Political overview

The head of government is Prime Minister Sitiveni Ligamamada Rabuka, leader of the People's Alliance Party, who was elected by the Parliament with support from the National Federation Party (NFP), led by Deputy Prime Minister Biman Prasad, and the Social Democratic Liberal Party (SODELPA), led by Minister for Education Aseri Radrodro.

Fiji's head of state is President Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu. He was elected by the Parliament on 31 October 2024 and officially sworn in on 12 November 2024.

Fiji's opposition consists of numerous independents.  Inia Seruiratu is Leader of the Opposition in Parliament.

Historically, Fiji has been governed by a chiefly system known as the Great Council of Chiefs (GCC). The GCC is a constitutional body comprising of three representatives each from Fiji's 14 provinces, an additional three from Rotuma, and six nominated by the Minister of iTaukei Affairs (51 councillors in total).  

Political history

Fiji became independent in 1970 after nearly a century as a British colony. On independence, Fiji adopted a constitutional democratic form of government based on the Westminster system. A series of coups (1987, 2000 and 2006) slowed Fiji's progress to its current parliamentary democracy under the 2013 Constitution of Fiji. Fiji has a 55-seat unicameral parliament.

The last coup occurred on 5 December 2006, led by then Commodore Bainimarama who was subsequently appointed Interim Prime Minister in January 2007. The Australian Government, in concert with other countries, the UN Security Council, the Commonwealth and the Pacific Islands Forum, strongly condemned the military's unconstitutional removal of Fiji's elected government. While travel restrictions and the suspension of bilateral defence cooperation occurred, Australia maintained a substantial development assistance program to support the people of Fiji.

After significant progress towards democracy was made by Interim Prime Minister Bainimarama, then-Foreign Minister Julie Bishop lifted Australia's travel restrictions on 31 March 2014. National elections were held on 17 September 2014 after which the Australian Government lifted all remaining restrictions and resumed its Defence Cooperation Program. Fiji was welcomed back into the Commonwealth on 26 September 2014 and the Pacific Islands Forum on 22 October 2014.

Fiji has long been a strong advocate on the impacts of climate change in the Pacific. It was a founding member of the Pacific Islands Forum, and served as Chair in 2022.

Fiji is a member of international organisations including the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations and the World Trade Organisation.

Bilateral relations

The Republic of Fiji established formal diplomatic relations with Australia immediately following its independence on 10 October 1970.

Australia and Fiji share a strong and enduring bilateral relationship, set out by the Fiji-Australia Vuvale Partnership which was first signed on 16 September 2019. A renewed and elevated version of the partnership was signed on 18 October 2023 during a visit by Fiji's Prime Minister Rabuka to Australia. The term 'vuvale', which means family in Fijian, was chosen to reflect the depth, breadth, and warmth of our relationship. The renewed Partnership elevates our shared commitment to tackling climate change and strengthening our economic and trade partnership. It also increases focus on human development, First Nations' peoples and culture, skills development and cyber security. It continues to provide the foundations for our strong security, economic and human development cooperation, and underpins people-to-people links between both countries.

In the inaugural year of the renewed and elevated Vuvale Partnership, Australia and Fiji signed new Memoranda of Understanding on Cyber Security and Ports Infrastructure and Services.

The frequent tempo of engagements between Ministers from both countries is evidence of the strength of our bilateral relationship. In a demonstration of the importance Australia places on our relationship with Fiji, Senator the Hon. Penny Wong travelled to Fiji on 25 May 2022 – her first week as Foreign Minister.

Trade and investment ties

Fiji's economy is projected by the World Bank to grow by 3.1 percent in 2024, after expanding by 20 percent in 2022 and 8 percent in 2023. This reflects a strong recovery from the economic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.

In the Rabuka government's first budget [30 June 2023], there was a strong commitment to fiscal reform and debt sustainability. In April 2023 the Government of Fiji hosted the inaugural National Economic Summit, which produced 14 key resolutions to secure the economic future of all Fijians which included reinforcing the need for sound fiscal discipline in both Government revenue raising and expenditure.

Fiji and Australia have strong trade and investment ties. Australia is one of Fiji's major trading partners and a source of foreign investment for Fiji. Australian investments in Fiji are predominantly in tourism, the financial sector and manufacturing.

Major Australian exports to Fiji include wheat, liquified propane and butane, meat and paper, and major Fiji exports to Australia include gold, textiles and cereals.

For more information on the bilateral trade and investment relationship, please see the Fiji economic fact sheet [PDF]and deepen our economic relationship page.

Development partnership

Australia is Fiji's largest development partner. Please see the overview of Australia's development partnership with Fiji and the Fiji development fact sheet to find out more.

Security cooperation

Australia and Fiji are long-standing and natural security partners, working towards shared goals for our national interests and regional security. Our enhanced security cooperation under our Vuvale Partnership spans defence, policing, border security and cybersecurity. Please see enhance our security cooperation to find out more.